Abstract: To reveal the microseismic-seepage coupling law of gas-bearing raw coal failure and provide a basis for early warning of coal-rock dynamic disasters, raw coal samples were prepared, and triaxial compression-seepage tests were carried out under gas pressures of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 MPa using a triaxial servo seepage apparatus, with synchronous monitoring of gas flow rate and ESG microseismic signals. Based on the entropy of the microseismic signals, the Db6 wavelet basis was selected, and a 4-layer wavelet packet decomposition was performed to obtain 16 frequency bands. The normalized energy of each frequency band was calculated to characterize fracture evolution. The gas pressure exhibited a strength threshold at approximately 1.0 MPa; the compressive strength varied with gas pressure as 58.1 → 71.1 → 64.7 MPa. During the compaction-elastic stage, fracture closure led to a decrease in gas flow rate, reaching a minimum near the yield point. After peak failure and coalescence, the seepage increased stepwise, and the number of microseismic events simultaneously peaked. Energy analysis showed that the failure response was concentrated in the 6th～8th frequency bands, corresponding to a dominant frequency range of 625～1000 Hz. Taking 1.0 MPa as an example, during the period from the first fracture (ε = 0.02) to the peak (ε = 0.03), the normalized energy of the 6th～8th frequency bands increased from 6.75% to 14.43%, and then decreased to 4.15% in the residual stage. Based on the 16-band decomposition results, the normalized energy of the 6th～8th frequency bands and the number of microseismic events can sensitively characterize the fracture propagation and seepage mutation process, and can serve as early warning indicators for the instability of gas-bearing raw coal.