Abstract: In order to address the issue of asymmetric deformation of surrounding rock in roadways influenced by goaf stress disturbance, this study takes the 51108 return air roadway in a mining area of Shanxi Province as the engineering background. By integrating theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field industrial grouting reinforcement tests, the stress evolution characteristics, displacement response laws, and plastic zone expansion behavior of the surrounding rock under asymmetric grouting reinforcement and strengthening were systematically investigated. The mechanism of large asymmetric deformation of roadway surrounding rock under the stress influence of the goaf was revealed. Consequently, the asymmetric grouting reinforcement and strengthening support scheme was optimized, clarifying the stress evolution and deformation mechanisms of the surrounding rock. A targeted asymmetric coupling grouting reinforcement control technology was proposed. Field application results demonstrate that this technical system can significantly control the asymmetric deformation of the roadway, effectively inhibit the deformation and failure of the roadway caused by the goaf under mining-induced stress, and ensure the stability of the surrounding rock during the service life of the roadway.