Abstract: Rock creep models are essential for studying and predicting rock creep behavior, which significantly influences engineering safety and long-term stability. Fractional-order creep models offer distinct advantages due to their few parameters and high flexibility. This study, based on the sandstone of the track roadway in Hudi Coal Mine, Jincheng, introduces a fractional-order clay pot to replace the traditional Newtonian clay pot. Considering the time-dependent damage effect during rock creep, a fractional-order creep damage constitutive model for rock is established and subsequently extended from a one-dimensional to a three-dimensional model. The accuracy of the model was validated using triaxial creep test data of sandstone. The results demonstrate that the model accurately describes the three-stage creep characteristics of sandstone, providing a reference for understanding its creep behavior.