Abstract: The stability of the coal mine electromechanical power supply system is directly related to the safe production of the mine, and the dual-power supply mode plays a significant role in ensuring continuous power supply.In response to issues in traditional power supply systems such as uneven load distribution, slow backup power switching, and high electrical energy losses, this paper proposes a reliability-based optimization design for dual-power supply systems.Dynamic load distribution strategies are employed to enhance system balance, combined with rapid power switching control to shorten backup power response time, and intelligent scheduling optimization is implemented to improve power supply quality.The research results show that after optimization, the power supply reliability of the system increased to 99.7%,backup power switching time was reduced by 47.13%,average line losses decreased by 27.59%,and voltage deviation narrowed to ±2.1 kV,effectively enhancing system stability and economic efficiency.