Abstract: In order to protect the safety of buildings and structures in the mining impact area of the industrial square during the mining process of the working face 13706 in Tuncheng Coal Mine, this paper studies the surface deformation problem in the process of coal mining, and demonstrates through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation analysis that the uneven surface movement and deformation lead to the damage of the buildings and roads in the mining area of the mine.The application effect of directional hydraulic fracturing technology in reducing surface deformation is also discussed, and the effectiveness of directional hydraulic fracturing technology is verified through numerical simulation analysis.The research provide new idea and method for the prevention and control of geologic disasters in the coal mining process.