Abstract: Goafs generated during the coal mining process,along with the complex hydrological and geological conditions,pose a significant threat to the safe operation of the mine. By analyzing the basic conditions such as the terrain and landforms,the rock formations,and the hydrological and geological characteristics of Yitian Coal Mine goafs,the exploration objectives and challenges were identified. A survey plan was designed using the transient electromagnetic method. The results showed that through field surveys and data analysis,anomalous hydrological and geological areas in Yitian Coal Mine goafs were detected,including water-accumulated goafs and fault zones. Based on the geological exploration data from the study area,the effectiveness of the transient electromagnetic exploration technique in the hydrological and geological exploration of Yitian Coal Mine goafs was validated.