Abstract: To investigate the impact of various factors on the surface movement and deformation induced by underground mining in mining areas,this study analyzed and computed rock movement observation data from the 18403 working face of Tunlan Coal Mine. Surface movement deformation values and rock movement parameters were derived from these data. The observed data from monitoring stations served as the research sample (real-world scenario),while predicted data from the probability integral method served as the reference sample (unaffected scenario). Comparative analysis was employed to systematically examine the surface movement deformation patterns in the mining area under the influence of multiple factors.The study summarized the mechanisms and manifestations of different factors affecting surface movement deformation. The findings indicate that mining subsidence in these areas is influenced by multiple factors,complicating the surface movement deformation patterns and weakening their predictability. Among these factors,certain dominant ones often exert a more significant influence on deformation patterns. Therefore,to accurately study the laws of mining subsidence under the influence of multiple factors,it is crucial to dis-aggregate the comprehensive performance of surface movement deformation and precisely investigate mining subsidence patterns based on the mechanisms of different influential factors.