Abstract: The coal seam structure in China is complex, characterized by the development of micropores, high gas adsorption, and low permeability.Among these, low permeability is the key factor limiting the efficient extraction of gas.Coal seam fracturing and permeability enhancement technology holds significant practical value in improving the efficiency of gas resource development, especially in the context of achieving carbon neutrality and peak carbon goals, making this technology particularly crucial.This paper explores the technical principles, current research status, advantages and disadvantages, and application prospects of conventional fracturing technology, hydraulic fracturing technology, and waterless fracturing technology.The results indicate that conventional fracturing is costly and inefficient, hydraulic fracturing is prone to causing water pollution, and waterless fracturing offers excellent permeability enhancement but is expensive and difficult to implement.Finally, a composite fracturing approach is proposed for future development, with the aim of exploring potential pathways to improve gas extraction efficiency, promoting the optimization and upgrading of related technologies, and providing a reference for achieving efficient gas extraction and sustainable development in China.