Abstract: In the process of tunnel construction, in order to improve the efficiency of tunnel construction and ensure the safety of the construction process, it is necessary to compare different blasting schemes and verify the feasibility of each scheme.This article uses LS-DYNA numerical simulation software to establish a three-dimensional model and simulate the experimental section of the Qilin Observation Tunnel entrance to determine the optimal solution.According to the simulation results, it can be seen that the full section method has a good excavation and blasting effect, but the radius of surrounding rock damage is relatively large and there are significant safety hazards.The step method has a poor excavation and blasting effect, with some underexcavation, but the radius of surrounding rock damage is relatively small.The stress and strain of the surrounding rock accumulate to their maximum at 200 μ s after blasting.At this time, due to the development of deformation of the surrounding rock, a pressure arch effect is formed, and the stress of the surrounding rock is redistributed.The overall stress of the surrounding rock decreases, and the stress of the arch crown and arch waist gradually decreases to 0.The stress is mainly concentrated at the arch foot, and the strain of the tunnel mainly occurs at the arch crown and arch waist.Overall comparison of the results of the two schemes shows that the step method has excellent performance in terms of stress, strain, and damage to the surrounding rock, making it the optimal scheme.The test results indicate that the deformation of the surrounding rock during excavation using the step method meets the construction safety requirements and conforms to the numerical simulation analysis results.