Abstract: The 422 working face of Huangling No. 2 Coal Mine adopts small coal pillar mining method. There are 9 chambers in the original 420 belt roadway,and the thinnest part of the coal pillar between the largest chamber cavity and the 422 return airway is only about 2 m. The development of coal pillar pressure relief fractures leads to a significant risk of coal spontaneous combustion. In response to this issue,this paper conducts research on a prevention and control system centered on air leakage law testing,dangerous area filling,and intelligent monitoring and early warning. A comprehensive prevention and control system with “leakage detection-leakage blocking-monitoring” as the core,focusing on oxygen control and temperature reduction,dynamic monitoring,and emergency control and extinguishing,is constructed. This provides technical support for the precise prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion in extremely narrow coal pillar dangerous areas and has important guiding significance for fire prevention and control work under similar coal pillar conditions.