Abstract: In order to effectively monitor and prevent various externally-factored fires that occur in coal mines, we propose a design concept for a coal mine externally-factored fire monitoring and prevention system based on the combination of fiber optic temperature measurement and sensor detection technology, and propose a detailed introduction to the system design architecture, as well as some coverage of sensor layout strategies, to comprehensively and accurately monitor the temperature in different areas of the coal mine.Data processing and analysis modules are adopted to achieve fire warning.At the same time, prevention and control measures, including linkage with ventilation systems, monitoring systems, personnel positioning systems, etc.are put forward.