Abstract: In order to better understand the process of lignite oxidation reaction, predict and control the generation and development of lignite spontaneous combustion, the characteristics of coal oxidation reaction were studied based on experimental conditions.The key parameters of the lignite oxidation reaction process were analyzed, and a kinetic model of the lignite-oxidation chemical reaction was established based on the finite element simulation.The evolution laws of temperature and gas during the lignite oxidation reaction process were studied.By altering the volume fraction of oxygen in the environment and the heating rate, the variation laws of temperature and the oxygen concentration at the outlet were studied.The results show that during the lignite-oxygen reaction process, due to the dynamic changes in its development history and environmental constraints, the dominant roles of temperature and oxygen concentration in the rate of lignite oxidation reaction also change accordingly.The oxygen consumption increases with the decrease in the particle size of the lignite sample and the increase in temperature.By changing the volume fraction of oxygen and the programmed temperature rise rate, it was found that both increasing the volume fraction of oxygen and enhancing the temperature rise rate could promote the lignite-oxygen reaction process and reduce the lag effect of external temperature rise leading to the temperature rise of lignite and oxygen.Controlling the storage temperature conditions for the reaction between lignite and oxygen is conducive to preventing the early coal oxidation reaction, while changing the oxygen supply conditions can control the development of lignite spontaneous combustion in the later stage.