Abstract: A large amount of concrete is needed for the road surface.Concrete is prepared from coal gangue and applied in road surface construction.The study takes the coal gangue produced by Jinchitan Coal Mine as the alternative material of crude aggregate and systematically explores its basic physical and chemical properties.The research results show that: The bulk density and apparent density of the coarse aggregate of coal gangue are both lower than those of the coarse aggregate of crushed stone, while the water absorption rate, needle and flake content and crushing value are all higher than those of the coarse aggregate of crushed stone. The coal gangue used in this experiment can be used as the coarse aggregate of concrete, but the apparent density and mud content of the coal gangue can not meet the requirements of the specification.Targeted adjustments can be made to the preparation of coal gangue concrete through measures such as raw material pretreatment.The thermal stability and decomposition characteristics of moisture, organic matter and minerals in coal gangue samples were revealed through thermodynamic analysis. Through optical microscopy and XRD analysis, it was found that the main mineral component was SiO₂,and various phases such as dolomite were also detected.Through SEM analysis, it was discovered that coal gangue had more pores and layered structures on the surface compared with crushed stone.